All elements other than noble gases have a deficiency or surplus of electrons in their valence shell, causing a positive or negative charge. Atoms of elements tend to react in such a way so that it achieves the electronic configuration of noble gases. While this rule generally applies for metals and nonmetals, it is not of much use in dealing with compounds of the transition elements in which d or f orbitals are involved in bonding.
Plus, this rule doesn't accurately predict the electron configurations of all molecules and compounds. Consequently, this rule has to be used with care in predicting the electron configurations. Subscribe to our newsletter to get expert advice and top insights on corrosion science, mitigation and prevention.
By: Della Anggabrata. Dictionary Dictionary Term of the Day. Corrosionpedia Terms. Anodize This: The Brilliance of Anodizing. Chlorine has the electron configuration of argon when it gains an electron.
The octet rule could have been satisfied if chlorine gave up all seven of its valence electrons and sodium took them. In that case, both would have the electron configurations of noble gasses, with a full valence shell. However, their charges would be much higher. Atoms are more stable when they have no charge, or a small charge.
Introduction In , Richard Abegg formulated what is now known as Abegg's rule , which states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element is frequently eight. Octet Rule A stable arrangement is attended when the atom is surrounded by eight electrons.
Normally two electrons pairs up and forms a bond, e. Only the noble gases the elements on the right-most column of the periodic table have zero charge with filled valence octets. Oxygen symbol O is found in column 6 on the periodic table.
It has 6 valence electrons. It needs to make 2 bonds to get an octet. In the diagram above, we show oxygen making 2 bonds. The same idea would apply to sulfur S , another element in column 6. There are notable exceptions to the octet rule, however, such as the ability of sulfur to form 6 bonds not shown here. Fluorine symbol F is found in column 7 on the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. It needs to make 1 bond to get an octet. In the diagram above, we show fluorine making 1 bond.
The bond could be drawn up, down, left, or right. There are 6 more fluorine valence electrons appearing as 3 pairs of dots. The same goes for the other halogens.
How many electrons does chlorine have? There are 7 valence electrons for chlorine, and it would have 1 bond and three pairs of dots. Same for bromine Br and iodine I. The noble gasses are noble. They are already born with 8 electrons, generally, so they already obey the octet rule without bonding. The figure above shows neon Ne surrounded by 4 pairs of dots, without any bonds. The same would apply for Ar, Kr, and Xe.
There are more exceptions to the octet rule for the noble gasses. Note that helium He is noble. Fred US English. Tessa South African. How to say octet rule in sign language? Select another language:. Please enter your email address: Subscribe. Discuss these octet rule definitions with the community: 0 Comments. Notify me of new comments via email. Cancel Report. Create a new account. Log In. Powered by CITE. Are we missing a good definition for octet rule? Don't keep it to yourself Submit Definition.
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