What is squamous intraepithelial lesion

This publication contains recommendations regarding terminology, diagnostics, and treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion s.

The objectives of this publication are:. The World Health Organization WHO in 5 proposed unification of terminology used in histopathological reports regarding squamous - cell carcinoma precursor lesion s. Depending on how many layers were affected, dysplasia was classified into three grades: mild, moderate and severe. The WHO defined dysplasia as carcinoma in - situ affecting the entire or almost entire thickness of the epithelium. At present, the concept that separates dysplasia from carcinoma in - situ in a classification system is criticized.

It is commonly known that both changes represent the same process, and they directly transform from one into the other. A conclusion was reached that preinvasive lesions in the epithelium are a constant series of events transforming from one into the other. The aforementioned classification was progressive because it also considered precursor lesions in stratified squamous epithelium as a process of carcinogenesi s. It was also noted that CIN I is not entirely a precancerous lesion, because it c an regress even without treatment.

Cytologic reporting based on the Bethesda System TBS was elaborated and implemented into diagnostics in 8 modifications were presented in 1 and This report explained the terminology of lesions suspected of cancer and CIN based on abnormal morphology of the cells derived from stratified squamous epithelium and glandular epithelium of the cervix.

The rules of aforementioned classification are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Bethesda System terminology of Abnormal stratified squam ous epithelium. Atypical cells of stratified squamous epithelium of unspecified characteristics. Atypical cells of stratified squamous epithelium, high - grade squamous intraepithelial lesion HSIL cannot be excluded. Atypical cells of the cervical glandular epithelium AGC qq or uterine body, or other granular. Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ.

Cells of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, uterine body or an extrauterine tumor. The lower anogenital region is an area covered by mucous membrane or skin within the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and crotch, including the anal canal and perianal region. The cells of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, mucous membrane or keratinized epithelium of the skin are vulnerable to HPV infection.

Genotypes of HPV were assigned into two groups depending on the risk for malignant transformation. The HPV subtypes of low oncogenic potential: 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, and 5 3 are related to moderate intraepithelial neoplasia and papillary epithelial lesions resembling genital and plain wart s. Whereas infections associated with moderate and high risk for neoplastic changes are caused by the HPV genotypes of high oncogenic potential types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and In these low-grade lesions, the cells have only a few abnormal characteristics, but are still somewhat similar to the normal cells.

High-grade SIL - the cells look very abnormal under the microscope. However, these cells are still only on the surface of the cervix. They are not invading the deepest parts of the cervix yet. Please note: Carcinoma in Situ is a term used for the early stage of cancer in which the tumor is confined to the organ where it first developed.

The disease has not invaded other parts of the organ or spread to distant parts of the body. Most in situ carcinomas are highly curable. LSIL means that your cervical cells show mild abnormalities. The tissue that covers your cervix is made up of squamous cells. Pap tests are used to screen for cervical cancer , precancer, and other cervical cell abnormalities.

Most women who have abnormal cervical screening test results do not have cervical cancer. Understanding cervical changes: Next steps after an abnormal screening test.

Keep reading to learn more about LSIL, as well as what to expect in the way of symptoms, follow-up tests, and treatment options. LSIL does not have any symptoms. For that reason, regular screenings are important for early diagnosis and treatment.

LSIL is not cancer. For that, you would need a cervical biopsy. Pap tests can reveal precancerous cells and other abnormal changes that may lead to cervical cancer. Most of the time, cervical cancer is found in women who have not had regular Pap tests. Can cervical cancer be prevented?

Abnormal cervical cancer screening test results. Keep in mind, though, that it takes 10 to 20 years or even longer for a high-risk HPV infection to become cancerous. HPV and Pap testing. Quint KD, et al. Progression of cervical low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: In search of prognostic biomarkers.

DOI: It is found at the bottom of the uterus where it forms an opening and a canal into the endometrial cavity of the uterus.

The outer surface of the cervix is lined by two types of cells that form a barrier called the epithelium. The first part of the cervix is called the exocervix and it is lined by squamous cells. The second part of the cervix is called the endocervical canal and it is lined by rectangular-shaped cells which connect together to make small structures called glands. The tissue below the epithelium is called the stroma and is made up of connective tissue and blood vessels. The diagnosis of LSIL is usually made after a small tissue sample is removed during a Pap test or a biopsy.

The diagnosis can also be made when part or all of the cervix is removed for another reason. When examined under the microscope, the abnormal squamous cells in LSIL are darker and larger than normal squamous cells. The chromatin genetic material which is found inside the nucleus of the cell may be described as coarse or vesicular which means it is divided into small groups.

While normal squamous cells have one nucleus, some of the abnormal cells in LSIL may have two nuclei. The abnormal cells found in LSIL are sometimes called koilocytes.