In reanimating a horse within an exhibition space, from a set of still images, the photographer used technology to gain mastery over nature and opened up possibilities for further experimentation with the moving image, laying groundwork for motion pictures and photographic performance art.
Content compiled and written by Adam Heardman. Edited and revised, with Summary and Accomplishments added by Anna Blair. The Art Story. Ways to support us. Movements and Styles: Documentary Photography.
Summary of Eadweard Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge pioneered photographic techniques that allowed new forms of documentation of modern life. Read full biography. Read artistic legacy. Influences on Artist. Julia Margaret Cameron. Silas Selleck. Carleton Watkins. Landscape Photography. Motion Pictures. Ansel Adams. Edgar Degas. Dorothea Lange. Marcel Duchamp. Thomas Eakins. Thomas Edison. Conceptual Art. The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page.
These also suggest some accessible resources for further research, especially ones that can be found and purchased via the internet. Eadweard Muybridge Critical Lives. Animals in Motion Dover Anatomy for Artists. Pages from the Tate website surrounding their retrospective of Muybridge's works.
Phillip Glass's opera loosely adapts Muybridge's life into a story of rage, jealousy and murder. In Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon's popular animated sitcom, a reproduction of 'The Horse in Motion' can often be seen hanging on the wall of the Smith family's home, highlighting the show's low-fi stop-motion animated format, its thematic concern with time and space, and the fact that one character, Beth, is a dissatisfied horse-surgeon.
A virtual-reality experience by games production company Most Ancient exploring the primacy and wonder of some examples of early cinema, including Muybridge's sequences.
Overview and Artworks Biography. Thomas Moran. Documentary Photography. Summary Concepts Artworks. Modern Photography. Video Art. School of London. In the early s, while returning to England to collect books, Muybridge was involved in a stagecoach accident that left him with severe head injuries.
He spent several years recovering in England and, on the recommendation of a physician, turned to a new vocation that would allow him to spend more time outdoors: photography.
Upon his return to San Francisco in , Muybridge quickly established his reputation as an adept technical and artistic photographer through his work in Yosemite Valley and the newly-acquired Alaska territory. Muybridge later had a falling out with Stanford over credit for his work, but the photographer retained his interests in the study of movement.
Lippincott, who met with Muybridge to discuss plans for a university-sponsored scientific endeavor that would use photography to study animal and human movement. While animals walked across a stage in the outdoor studio, human subjects were assigned a much wider variety of tasks to complete—from pole vaulting , throwing a shotput , wrestling , boxing , walking down stairs , and even dumping a bucket of water onto another person.
Over the course of three years, Muybridge and his team made more than , images. Muybridge went on a nationwide tour to promote the work and continued lecturing until his retirement, when he returned to England and eventually passed away in When Muybridge first came to Penn, there was no existing archive that could collect and house his images or equipment. It was due to later efforts of George E. Ahern , who adds that the Muybridge collection is as extensive as it is today because of the early efforts of Nitzsche.
Housed in both the Libraries and the Archives , the Muybridge collection includes of the original plates, one of the Stanford cameras, lenses and lens holders, copy cameras, images of the outdoor studio, subscription order forms, and correspondence between Muybridge, his book publishers, and parties who were interested in purchasing a subscription.
Penn students and researchers have the unique opportunity to study the wide collection of prints up close. To show how the material is printed, to hold it in your hands or to see it on a table, makes teaching history much more real. Eadweard Muybridge made three major achievements in photography: first, the development of a photographic process fast enough to capture bodies in motion; second, the creation of successive images that, mounted together, reconstituted a whole cycle of motion rather than isolating a single moment; and third, their reanimation as a moving picture.
The first achievement occurred in and required a breakthrough in photochemistry and the development of a very fast shutter. The result was a series of photos of the horse Occident in motion, including the famous photograph depicting the horse frozen in full gait with no feet on the ground.
In , Muybridge developed the process for making rapid sequences of photographs of motion.
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