Culled sow or boar a Any live sow or boar removed from the breeding unit. Farrowing Production of a litter of one or more live or dead pigs, but not abortion. Farrowing index herd or litters per sow per year The number of farrowings taking place in a given period, expressed on an annual basis, divided by the average number of sows in the herd during the period when those sows were mated. Farrowing rate The number of sows that farrow to a given number of services expressed as a percentage.
Gilt or maiden gilt A female transferred to the breeding herd but not yet mated. Gilts: Average age mated The total age in days of gilts when mated divided by the number of gilts. Gilt wastage Gilts intended for breeding and not served divided by gilts served in the same period expressed as a percentage. Herd size average The average number of sows present in the herd over a defined period of time. Mating The deposition of semen into the reproductive tract of a sow exhibiting oestrus.
NIPs Not in pig. Sows that go full-term presumed pregnant and do not farrow. Parity The number of litters a sow has carried including current pregnancy , e. Reproductive cycle Days from the conception of one litter to the conception of the following litter. Not the same as parity. Return to service A sow re-served after a previous unsuccessful service. Service a One or more observed matings within the same oestrus period.
Service index The number of services taking place in one year divided by the average herd size. Sow Any breeding female that has been served and is on the farm. Sow mortality percentage total number of sows died x average number of sows in the herd see 'herd size' over a given period Sow to boar ratio The ratio of sows to boars as defined.
This must take into account the non-working boar. Stag A male pig castrated late in life, that is, an old boar after castration. Pre-weaning period Cross-fostering A management practice involving fostering piglets to benefit sows and litters. Fostering The act of transferring a sucker or suckers from one sow to another.
Lactation length average days or weaning age The sum of lactation days in a given period divided by the number of sows weaned in that period. Litter scatter An index indicating herds with numbers of pigs born per litter to one standard deviation above and below an average litter size within any specified period.
Litter weight variability The range of weights at birth. Litter weight at birth a Total weight: the weight of all suckers in a litter kg , born alive within the first 24 hours, including those that died before weighing. Litter weight at weaning a Total weight: the total weight of piglets kg , that were weaned from one litter. Litters: total weight of litters at weaning divided by the total number of litters weaned. Litters per sow per year See 'farrowing index'. Parity The number of litters a sow has carried including current pregnancy e.
Pigs born alive The number of piglets born alive excluding stillborn and mummified pigs per farrowing. Pigs born alive per litter total number of piglets born alive total number of sows farrowed Pigs born alive per sow per year average The number of piglets born alive per sow in a given period expressed on a yearly basis, divided by the average herd size at mating.
Pigs born dead total stillborn The number of piglets presumed to be dead at birth, when first inspected, that are fully formed at farrowing excluding mummified piglets. If necessary, confirmed by post mortem examination to determine if the piglets have breathed. Pigs born dead per litter average stillborn The total number stillborn piglets divided by the number of farrowings over a given period. Pigs born per litter total The total number of piglets born alive or stillborn per farrowing, excluding mummified pigs.
Pigs mummified Number of dead piglets foetuses that are born degenerate discoloured and shrivelled. That is, they have died some time before farrowing. Pigs weaned per litter average The average number of pigs weaned over a given period divided by the number of sows that farrowed in that period. Sucker A pig between birth and weaning. Weaning The permanent separation of a sow and suckers.
For statistical purposes all sows that die between farrowing and weaning are deemed to be weaned at the time of death. If all suckers die the sow is recorded as having weaned zero piglets. Don't have an account? American Society of Animal Science members Sign in via society site. Sign in via your Institution Sign in. Purchase Subscription prices and ordering for this journal Short-term Access To purchase short term access, please sign in to your Oxford Academic account above.
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In common use, gilt is used to refer to a pig that has not yet been bred, whether only a few months old or approaching a year. Technically, however, the term gilt is defined as a female pig that is less than six months old.
A gilt is intact, or capable of breeding and producing young, and her reproductive organs are not surgically or chemically altered. A barrow is a male pig that has been castrated or rendered incapable of reproducing before he reaches sexual maturity.
Castration usually takes place while the pig is very young, at about two or three weeks of age. If a male pig is allowed to become sexually mature and then is castrated, he is called a stag. A barrow is less aggressive than a boar, or intact male pig, and can be kept with other barrows and gilts.
When viewed from the behind, the muscles of the ham region should be long and thick, with the thickest point through the stifle interior leg. There should be a good deal of spread or width between the hind legs, indicating ham muscling.
Finish refers to the amount of fat over the muscles of a mature - lb.
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